Multiple Inheritance & Combining "Is-A" with "Has-A"

Focus: Multiple inheritance (class Derived : public Base1, public Base2), scope resolution for disambiguation, composition ("Has-A") inside an inheritance hierarchy ("Is-A"), and constructor execution sequencing.

Scenario & Requirements:

An academic department needs to model a senior faculty member who serves both as a lecturer (GiangVien) and an administrative manager (CanBoQuanLy), while being assigned an office room (PhongLamViec).

Base Class 1 GiangVien:
- Attributes: maGV (std::string), luongGiangDay (double).
- Methods: Constructor, nhap_gv(), xuat_gv().
Base Class 2 CanBoQuanLy:
- Attributes: chucVu (std::string), phuCapChucVu (double).
- Methods: Constructor, nhap_ql(), xuat_ql().
Composed Class PhongLamViec ("Has-A" component):
- Attributes: soPhong (std::string), toaNha (std::string).
- Methods: Constructor, nhap_phong(), xuat_phong().
Derived Class GiangVienQuanLy (inherits public GiangVien, public CanBoQuanLy):
- Composed Member: PhongLamViec phong (Embedded object).
- Methods:
  - Constructor demonstrating the explicit call order: GiangVien -> CanBoQuanLy -> phong -> GiangVienQuanLy.
  - tinhTongThuNhap(): Returns luongGiangDay + phuCapChucVu.
  - nhap() and xuat() combining base methods and component methods.
main() Program:
- Instantiate a GiangVienQuanLy object to verify that constructors and destructors execute in the correct, predictable sequence.

Định dạng đầu vào:
The program accepts data for a combined academic manager (GiangVienQuanLy) across three distinct sub-sections:
- Teaching Credentials (GiangVien attributes):
  - maGV (Lecturer ID): A non-empty string token or line (e.g., "GV001").
  - luongGiangDay (Teaching Base Salary): A non-negative floating-point number (double >= 0.0).
- Management Role (CanBoQuanLy attributes):
  - chucVu (Management Position): A string describing the title (e.g., "Head of Department", "Vice Dean").
  - phuCapChucVu (Position Allowance): A non-negative floating-point number (double >= 0.0).
- Office Location (PhongLamViec component attributes):
  - soPhong (Office Room Number): A string token (e.g., "P1310", "Room 402").
  - toaNha (Building Name): A string token (e.g., "Building A1").
Ràng buộc đầu vào:
- Class Architecture & Relationships:
  - Multiple Inheritance ("Is-A"): GiangVienQuanLy must inherit publicly from both GiangVien and CanBoQuanLy (class GiangVienQuanLy : public GiangVien, public CanBoQuanLy).
  - Composition ("Has-A"): GiangVienQuanLy must contain a private member object instance of PhongLamViec (PhongLamViec phong;).
- Encapsulation & Scope:
  - All member attributes across all four classes (GiangVien, CanBoQuanLy, PhongLamViec, and GiangVienQuanLy) must be declared private.
  - Modification of member variables outside class boundaries is prohibited; access must go through getters or constructors.
- Constructor Initialization Order:
  - The constructor of GiangVienQuanLy must use a member initializer list to pass parameters in explicit execution order:
    1. Base class 1: GiangVien(id, teachingSalary)
    2. Base class 2: CanBoQuanLy(position, allowance)
    3. Composed object: phong(room, building)
- Scope Resolution Rule:
  - Overridden or aggregated methods inside GiangVienQuanLy must invoke base and component methods using scope resolution (GiangVien::xuat_gv(), CanBoQuanLy::xuat_ql(), and phong.xuat_phong()).
Định dạng đầu ra:
- Calculated Values:
  - Total Income (tinhTongThuNhap()): Dynamically calculated as luongGiangDay + phuCapChucVu and formatted to 2 decimal places.
- Console Formatting:
  - Output must be aligned in a formatted table using <iomanip> stream manipulators (std::left, std::setw, std::fixed, std::setprecision(2)).

Đề bài: Multiple Inheritance & Combining "Is-A" with "Has-A"